@ARTICLE {Parulek-2014-CLV,
author = "Julius Parulek and Daniel J{\"o}nsson and Timo Ropinski and Stefan Bruckner and Anders Ynnerman and Ivan Viola",
title = "Continuous Levels-of-Detail and Visual Abstraction for Seamless Molecular Visualization",
journal = "Computer Graphics Forum",
year = "2014",
volume = "33",
number = "6",
pages = "276--287",
month = "sep",
abstract = "Molecular visualization is often challenged with rendering of large  molecular structures in real time. We introduce a novel approach  that enables us to show even large protein complexes. Our method  is based on the level-of-detail concept, where we exploit three different  abstractions combined in one visualization. Firstly, molecular surface  abstraction exploits three different surfaces, solvent-excluded surface  (SES), Gaussian kernels and van der Waals spheres, combined as one  surface by linear interpolation. Secondly, we introduce three shading  abstraction levels and a method for creating seamless transitions  between these representations. The SES representation with full shading  and added contours stands in focus while on the other side a sphere  representation of a cluster of atoms with constant shading and without  contours provide the context. Thirdly, we propose a hierarchical  abstraction based on a set of clusters formed on molecular atoms.  All three abstraction models are driven by one importance function  classifying the scene into the near-, mid- and far-field. Moreover,  we introduce a methodology to render the entire molecule directly  using the A-buffer technique, which further improves the performance.  The rendering performance is evaluated on series of molecules of  varying atom counts.",
pdf = "pdfs/Parulek-2014-CLV.pdf",
images = "images/Parulek-2014-CLV.jpg",
thumbnails = "images/Parulek-2014-CLV.png",
issn = "1467-8659",
doi = "10.1111/cgf.12349",
keywords = "level of detail algorithms, implicit surfaces, clustering, scientific visualization",
project = "physioillustration"
}